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Fifth Avenue Theatre
Fifth Avenue Theatre was a Broadway theatre in New York City in the United States located at 31 West 28th Street and Broadway. It was demolished in 1939.
Built in 1868, it was managed by Augustin Daly in the mid-1870s. In 1877, it became the first air-conditioned theatre in the world. In 1879, it presented the world premiere of ''The Pirates of Penzance'' by Gilbert and Sullivan and the New York premiere of ''H.M.S. Pinafore'', followed by other Gilbert and Sullivan operas throughout the 1880s. The theatre continued to present both plays and musicals through the end of the century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the theatre presented English classics and then vaudeville, and later films, as well as plays and musicals.
==History==
The theatre was built in 1868 and was originally named Gilsey's Apollo Hall, in 1870 renamed the St. James Theatre. Its capacity was approximately 1,530 seats.〔(Fifth Avenue Theatre ) at the IBDB database〕〔Praefcke, Andreas. ("New York, NY: Fifth Avenue Theatre (1891)" ), Carthalia: Theatres on Postcards, accessed March 22, 2009〕 In its early years, it offered lectures in the upstairs hall and musical entertainment in the main auditorium. When Augustin Daly's former Fifth Avenue Theatre (on 24th Street) burned down in 1873, Daly moved his company to the St. James, remodeled it and renamed it the New Fifth Avenue Theatre, where he continued as proprietor until 1877.〔Henderson and Schoenfeld, pp. 132–33〕 The 1873 financial panic hurt business at the theatre in Daly's early years, but his 1875 production of ''The Big Bonanza'' was a big success, as was his production of ''Lemons''.〔("Amusements; Daly's Theatre", ) ''The New York Times'', March 8, 1885, p. 7〕 Mary Anderson and Helena Modjeska made their New York debuts at the theatre.〔(American Theatre Guide: Fifth Avenue Theatre ) at Answers.com, accessed March 22, 2009〕 Eleonora Duse also made her American debut at the theatre in 1893 in ''The Lady of the Camellias''.
In 1877, a ventilation system was introduced at the theatre that blew air over blocks of ice, making it the world's first air-conditioned theatre.〔Kenrick, John. ("Demolished Broadway Theatres" ), Musicals101.com, The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film, accessed March 22, 2009〕 John T. Ford managed the theatre for some years thereafter, naming it the Fifth Avenue Theatre. The theatre was destroyed by fire in 1891 and rebuilt by architect Francis Hatch Kimball in highly ornate neoclassical style, opening in May 1892.〔("Gladstone at the Play", ) ''The New York Times'', 22 May 1892, p. 13.〕 The ornate entrance of the new structure faced Broadway for a time, but later the Fifth Avenue entrance was used as the main entrance. Henry Miner managed the theatre in the 1890s, and F. F. Proctor took control in 1900. He presented mainly vaudeville there and, by 1915, was showing motion pictures.〔 The theatre presented burlesque in the 1930s and, in its declining years, films. It was demolished in 1939.〔〔Krefft, Bryan. ("Fifth Avenue Theatre" ), Fifth Avenue Theatre, accessed March 21, 2009〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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